Leaves change color in autumn due to changes in daylight and temperature, which signal trees to prepare for winter. During the growing season, leaves are green because of chlorophyll, the pigment that helps plants absorb sunlight for photosynthesis. As days grow shorter and cooler, chlorophyll production slows down and eventually stops. When the green fades, other pigments present in the leaf like carotenoids (yellow and orange) and anthocyanins (red and purple) become visible, revealing the vibrant fall colors we love.
Why Trees Shed Their Leaves
In addition to the color change, trees begin to shed their leaves as a survival strategy. Losing leaves helps trees conserve water and energy during the harsh, dry winter months when water is less available and photosynthesis is inefficient. By sealing off the base of each leaf with a protective layer, the tree prevents disease and damage. This natural cycle not only ensures the tree’s survival but also enriches the soil with organic matter as fallen leaves decompose. Shutdown123