Solar panels work by converting sunlight into electricity using a technology called the photovoltaic (PV) effect. Each panel is made up of many solar cells, usually made from silicon, which absorb photons from sunlight. When these photons hit the silicon atoms, they knock electrons loose. These free electrons are then directed by an electric field within the cell, creating an electric current. This flow of electricity is what we harness to power homes, buildings, and even spacecraft.
From Solar Cells to Usable Power
While solar cells generate direct current (DC) electricity, most homes and appliances use alternating current (AC). To make solar energy usable, the electricity from the panels passes through a device called an inverter, which converts DC to AC. This electricity can then be used immediately, stored in batteries for later use, or even fed into the power grid. Solar energy is not only clean and renewable, but also a key solution in reducing carbon emissions and combating climate change. Shutdown123